Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Complications
The Association between Pancreatic Steatosis and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Jee Sun Jeong, Mee Kyung Kim, Kyung Do Han, Oak Kee Hong, Ki-Hyun Baek, Ki-Ho Song, Dong Jin Chung, Jung-Min Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon; Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(5):425-432. Published online August 9, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.0107

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Background

Whether pancreatic steatosis has a local or systemic effect, like ectopic fat of other major organs, remains unknown. Data on the influence of pancreatic steatosis on microvascular complication are rare. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between pancreatic steatosis and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

The attenuation of three pancreatic regions (head, body, and tail) and the spleen (S) in 186 patients with T2DM was measured using non-enhanced computed tomography imaging. We used three parameters for the assessment of pancreatic steatosis (‘P’ mean: mean attenuation of three pancreatic regions; P–S: difference between ‘P’ mean and ‘S’; P/S: the ‘P’ mean to ‘S’ ratio). The presence of DR was assessed by an expert ophthalmologist using dilated fundoscopy.

Results

The average P mean was 29.02 Hounsfield units (HU), P–S was −18.20 HU, and P/S was 0.61. The three pancreatic steatosis parameters were significantly associated with the prevalence of DR in non-obese T2DM patients. In the non-obese group, the odds ratios of P mean, P–S, and P/S for the prevalence of DR, after adjustment for age, sex, and glycosylated hemoglobin level, were 2.449 (P=0.07), 2.639 (P=0.04), and 2.043 (P=0.02), respectively.

Conclusion

In this study, pancreatic steatosis was significantly associated with DR in non-obese patients with T2DM. Further studies are necessary to clarify the causal relationship between pancreatic steatosis and the development of DR.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Intra‐pancreatic fat is associated with continuous glucose monitoring metrics
Yutong Liu, Wandia Kimita, Xiatiguli Shamaitijiang, Loren Skudder‐Hill, Ivana R. Sequeira‐Bisson, Maxim S. Petrov
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between Intrapancreatic Fat Deposition and Lower High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Individuals with Newly Diagnosed T2DM
Jianliang Wang, Qingyun Cai, Xiaojuan Wu, Jiaxuan Wang, Xiaona Chang, Xiaoyu Ding, Jia Liu, Guang Wang, Muhittin Yurekli
International Journal of Endocrinology.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
The comparison of pancreatic and hepatic steatosis in healthy liver donor candidates
Bedriye Koyuncu Sokmen, Tolga Sahin, Alihan Oral, Erdem Kocak, Nagihan Inan
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Computed Tomography-Estimated Pancreatic Steatosis is Associated with Carotid Plaque in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study from China
Pengtao Sun, Chunzhi Fan, Rengui Wang, Tongwei Chu, Xiaoli Sun, Dongxue Zhang, Xuechao Du
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2021; Volume 14: 1329. CrossRef

Complications
Risk Factors for the Development and Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Advanced Diabetic Retinopathy: Kyung-Jin Yun, Hye Ji Kim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Ki-Hyun Baek, Young Jung Roh, Ki-Ho Song; Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(6):473-481. Published online September 20, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.6.473

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

Some patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) do not develop diabetic kidney disease (DKD) despite the presence of advanced diabetic retinopathy (DR). We aimed to investigate the presence of DKD and its risk factors in patients with T2DM and advanced DR.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study in 317 patients with T2DM and advanced DR. The phenotypes of DKD were divided into three groups according to the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR, mg/g) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²): no DKD (uACR <30 and eGFR ≥60), non-severe DKD (uACR ≥30 or eGFR <60), and severe DKD (uACR ≥30 and eGFR <60). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, and HbA1c variability (standard deviation [SD] of serial HbA1c values or HbA1c-SD) were calculated for the preceding 2 years.

Results

The prevalence of no DKD, non-severe DKD, and severe DKD was 37.2% (n=118), 37.0% (n=117), and 25.8% (n=82), respectively. HbA1c-SD and the triglyceride/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio correlated positively with uACR and negatively with eGFR. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the HbA1c-SD and TG/HDL-C ratio were significantly related with eGFR. Multiple logistic regression analyses after adjusting for several risk factors showed that HbA1c-SD and the TG/HDL-C ratio were significant risk factors for severe DKD.

Conclusion

The prevalence of DKD was about 60% in patients with T2DM and advanced DR. HbA1c variability and TG/HDL-C ratio may affect the development and progression of DKD in these patients.

Citations

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